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	<title>Ben Brucato</title>
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		<title>On Derrick Jensen&#8217;s and Lierre Keith&#8217;s Transphobia</title>
		<link>http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=413</link>
		<comments>http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=413#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 15 May 2013 15:59:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ben Brucato</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Essays]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[anti-civilization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[derrick jensen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lierre keith]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[trans]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=413</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Lierre Keith&#8217;s and Derrick Jensen&#8217;s transphobia is a difficult one to pin down, largely because there&#8217;s many issues going on that aren&#8217;t so carefully teased apart. I&#8217;ll try to do a favorable reading here in order to expose how even &#8230; <a href="http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=413">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Lierre Keith&#8217;s and Derrick Jensen&#8217;s transphobia is a difficult one to pin down, largely because there&#8217;s many issues going on that aren&#8217;t so carefully teased apart. I&#8217;ll try to do a favorable reading here in order to expose how even such a reading cannot allow their politics to hold up. It would probably benefit those who are confronting Keith and Jensen do so by attending more carefully to their words and less to rather formulaic rhetoric. I would think that people criticizing Keith and Jensen would like to do more than force out them and DGR, that this could be a situation that much more could come from. If so, converting the assault on these individuals into chants and slogans probably isn&#8217;t very productive, since we probably have millions of appropriate targets for those approaches.</p>
<p>To summarize my understanding of Keith&#8217;s and Jensen&#8217;s position:</p>
<ol>
<li>Keith&#8217;s and Jensen&#8217;s stance begins with the idea that gender is <em>entirely</em> socially constructed.</li>
<li>Under patriarchy, everyone&#8217;s gendering is largely (even entirely) a product of patriarchy.</li>
<li>They envision a world without patriarchy, and therefore one where patriarchy would not contribute to anyone&#8217;s gendered subject formation.</li>
<li>Therefore, they envision a world where it&#8217;s likely far more (perhaps all) people would be comfortable in the bodies they were born with.</li>
<li>Based on this, they therefore hope that those persons not rely on the medical-industrial complex&#8217;s pharmacology and surgeries to become comfortable.</li>
<li>Their motivation is partly because they want to do away, entirely, with the medical industrial complex.</li>
<li>But they are also motivated by seeing these pharmaceutical and surgical procedures to be a physical torture and mutilation in response to the psychological torture and trauma of patriarchy.</li>
<li>They take a turn here, though, by taking their imagined future situation and projecting it into the present, to guide the way people can and should behave now.</li>
<li>On this basis, they think that it&#8217;s wrong for people to use hormone treatments, have surgeries, and so forth, <em>now</em>.</li>
</ol>
<p><span id="more-413"></span></p>
<p>I&#8217;m disregarding many other aspects of their transphobia and only attending to these. (For instance: the ridiculous idea that ftm transexuals are betraying feminism and mtf transexuals are coopting feminism.) Most of their other positions are much more problematic and even hateful, particularly Keith&#8217;s version of radical feminism that creates a paradox when squaring it with her constructivism &#8212; we&#8217;re all constructed, and yet if one is born with a penis, &#8220;he&#8221; is always a man? I&#8217;m only retaining the positions that emerge out of a particular variety of anti-civilization politics. Most of their ideas related to trans persons that are not included here aren&#8217;t worth taking very seriously, and that&#8217;s the primary reason for the exclusion.</p>
<p>I feel like I have an understanding of these positions as a result of ongoing attention to their work, to controversies that have emerged, and especially from direct interaction with them (more so with Jensen). I also feel like I understand these positions because I have strongly agreed with <em>some</em> of them, and had <em>general</em> agreement with most of them, even rather recently. My prior thinking on these matters was largely influenced by the anti-civilization politics I used to share more with the <em>very general</em> aims of (among others) Keith, Jensen, and DGR. From here, rather than doing a close reading of their texts, I will explain why I think some of these steps are problematic, mostly by explaining my more recent thoughts that have undone my past thinking on these positions.</p>
<p>1. Gender <em>entirely</em> socially constructed? That gender is a social construction is not in dispute. But I reject the idealist position that they are constructed from nothing. All of our social constructions are influenced by the material objects and their relations that fill out our experiences. I strongly agree that discrepancies in the genetic definition of sex make it impossible to establish a reliable definition of sex &#8211; much more of gender &#8211; on the basis of genes. There are what should be seen as obvious problems with anatomical definition of sex (though Keith seems to be rather paradoxically convinced of this), and using reproductive capacity as determinant of sex is even more unreliable. The same goes for the inadequacies of hormonal definitions of sex. It gets even worse if you try to say sex is determined by the aggregation of these &#8211; and other &#8211; markers, because the problems of each merely multiply one another. We end up not with two <em>sexes</em>, but <em>many</em>. Nonetheless, our identities are not <em>purely</em> constructed without these being factors, even very powerful ones. We <a href="https://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2013/05/13/the-non-identity-of-the-body/">haven&#8217;t unmediated and complete access to our own bodies</a>, but they play a profound role in our gendering that is ignored by absolute versions of social constructivism. This is a point where their entire argument unravels, but we need not overdetermine the extent to which their position is undermined here. There are other problems.</p>
<p>2. We are <em>completely</em> formed as subjects by patriarchy? We are indeed products of patriarchy. Even by resisting patriarchy, it <em>in-forms</em> us. That doesn&#8217;t mean we should try to resist the <em>subject formation of patriarchy</em> by not resisting patriarchy itself. In fact, to some trans persons, their very bodies and lived reality is the negation of patriarchy. I think that&#8217;s a very compelling position. But it&#8217;s also a body and a way of life that then requires patriarchy for its (present) coherence. (Of course, these meanings of all of our bodies are dynamic and would change in different contexts. So this present coherence would take on another coherence in a radially different socio-political context.) This is absolutely not to say that being trans is shoring up patriarchy in any way. A bigger problem with this idea that we are completely formed by patriarchy is that it denies the extent to which we are the products of many other things. Patriarchy <em>sediments</em> most everything, but it does not <em>fully</em> constitute everything. The idea that there is no outside to patriarchy forecloses all liberatory potential. While there are limits to what we can be and do in the continued presence of a dominant patriarchal order, there are fissures everywhere, places where its hold is weak &#8212; particularly so in trans cultures. These are the sites of resistance. If a crack forms, it does not immediately fill with patriarchy; sometimes it&#8217;s filled with its void, and this is also true of our subject positions.</p>
<p>3. I won&#8217;t quarrel with the idea of imagining a world without patriarchy, and one where our identities are not formed by it. I think this is a wonderful thought experiment, even if it&#8217;s unthinkable in its fullness. This unthinkability is the point where basing a utopian politics on it becomes problematic. As we act, new conditions emerge, and so too should our visions adapt and morph. Our envisioning work we do today can help us deal with our present reality, but probably should not be the basis of a long-term strategy. This is a <em>major</em> departure from Keith and Jensen.</p>
<p>4. I especially follow the thought experiment of the world without patriarchy to the end of imagining a world where gender is dynamic, fluid, and open, but one where this would not <em>necessarily</em> require extensive chemical or physical modification of the body. In such a world, experimentation would likely be <em>more</em> <em>not less</em> common. [I don't intend to insinuate that I believe being trans <em>is</em> an experiment, but that I would like it to be more of one.] This may be even more troubling for some trans persons, if only because some of their modifications might be so invasive to the chemical and physical structure of the body that they are quasi-permanent. I&#8217;m not suggesting that a rather stable gender identity is not ever personally or politically preferred, but that I imagine in my thought experiment &#8211; the world without patriarchy &#8211; that gender and sex identities would be both more radically plural, and much less fixed in appearance. But that&#8217;s <em>just</em> <em>my</em> <em>imaginary world</em>, and one that presents some inherent philosophical and political challenges to many anti-trans positions and even some of trans culture. But I need to emphasize the extent to which this is <em>only</em> a thought experiment and <em>not</em> reality &#8212; this is <em>precisely</em> where Kieth and Jensen overextend their argument <em>far</em> beyond what is useful. Their position verges on utopian and this very sharply collides with position 5, 8 and 9, which I&#8217;ll come to below.</p>
<p>5, 8 &amp; 9. Stop gender transformation, now? There&#8217;s a fundamental problem with Keith&#8217;s and Jensen&#8217;s political vision in that they routinely get prefiguration wrong. They correctly recognize that simple lifestyle changes (shorter showers, driving a hybird) will accomplish little or nothing. They overemphasize the importance of immediate and direct assaults on the industrial infrastructure, and place little value in <em>transition</em> &#8212; clear it away now, they say (a position I directly debated with Jensen). They are interested in building cultures of resistance. If you look at their writing and their less public communications, they have little visions for building communities in the here and now &#8212; the cultures of resistance they will build offer little to how they would prefigure new communities. In fact, they occasionally lump this demand together with taking shorter showers &#8212; a position I routinely tested in online discussions with Jensen. &#8220;Never mind prefiguration, smash civilization today, before it&#8217;s too late!&#8221; and, &#8220;build relationships with salmon, not people&#8221; is not too violent a reduction of the positions at work here. I think the problem with their position on opposing medical transformation is rooted very much in their approach to political change and failing to understand that we begin from where we are. We are not in our imagined future, and there are many steps to getting from here. We have to cope with and live in the world that is here and now. And merely clearing away everything that stands between the here and now with our utopian vision is <em>dangerous</em>. So too is demanding that trans persons not recognize and live in the situations they are now in. While trans people&#8217;s (and all of our) gender identities would likely be very different in the total absence of patriarchy, denying them (and all of us) their capacities and methods of expressing and living with their subject position <em>now</em> is much like saying &#8220;fuck the village that is built in the dry river bed, I&#8217;m going to blow this dam and flood the fuckers out &#8212; it&#8217;s for the salmon!&#8221; And both are decisions they readily act upon. I think this is the source of the justified anger of many trans persons toward Keith, Jensen, and DGR.</p>
<p>6. Get rid of the medical-industrial complex that enables medical gender transformation? I&#8217;m not a trans person. I don&#8217;t know what it would be like to want to have my sex reassigned and not have those technologies available. I was rather favorable and even deeply engaged with anti-civilization thought and politics when my daughter was born at our home. Within hours, she was taken by plane to a hospital and hooked up to millions of dollars worth of medical equipment. She was in a morphine induced coma, her body cooled by about 10 degrees, and her heart and lung functions were essentially shut down while a machine replaced them for over a week. Neither then nor now would I very readily approve of the industrial and economic processes that these machinery and techniques rely upon to exist. I love my daughter, but the world in which I think humans must live likely wouldn&#8217;t include the tools and techniques that saved her life. That doesn&#8217;t mean that I pulled the plug, nor would I. It also doesn&#8217;t mean that I would blow up the hospital she was in. This is the move the Keith and Jensen make. I don&#8217;t know how related these issues are, but they draw <em>me</em> into a situation that I wasn&#8217;t involved in before: I&#8217;m now forced to consider technologies that wouldn&#8217;t exist if my political vision were manifested, technologies my daughter depended upon to be alive today. I would have readily traded my life for hers in the absence of these technologies, if such a decision would have saved her. Still, it&#8217;s <em>not</em> the same situation, but I think the point is clear. I would be willing to accept some rather significant future trade-offs in order to live in a world I think would be better. In the future I think is most possible and most free for all, my daughter would likely not have survived, and trans persons would likely not have access to surgical and pharmaceutical technologies and techniques to reassign their sex.</p>
<p>7. I&#8217;m not going to address this, partly because I don&#8217;t have resolute thoughts on the matter. I can appreciate many sides on this perspective. I think Keith has had one or two good things to say on the matter. It&#8217;s rather difficult to discuss these issues once they&#8217;re surrounded by transphobic hatred. I&#8217;d be interested to hear or read about some queer and trans people&#8217;s systematic and serious thoughts on the issues of the invasiveness and violence of gender reassignment. I&#8217;m not interested in entertaining such a position from someone who clearly hates trans people.</p>
<p>This issue is much bigger than what I&#8217;ve dealt with. In some ways I&#8217;m contrasting two positions that are in tension. On Jensen&#8217;s and Keith&#8217;s side there is a muddled utopianism that causes all sorts of ethical, political, and practical problems when they turn toward the moment and try to find synergy. Opposed to this is not a side articulated by any people, but one that I&#8217;ve created to challenge Jensen and Keith: the position is rooted in prefiguration and living in a patriarchal society. It would seem that many people who have criticized Keith, Jensen, and DGR are coming from a position that they are more oriented in their lived realities of today, and feel that their lives, their strategies, their bodies are under assault by Keith&#8217;s and Jensen&#8217;s utopian politics. I think this position is neither inaccurate or overstated. I think this is a routine problem for Keith&#8217;s and Jensen&#8217;s politics, too. They have a vision that is generally commendable. Most everything else is wanting.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>[Note: I don't have anything to gain in posting this and a lot to lose. This situation since the Law &amp; Disorder fiasco is a minefield, full of a lot of problematic thinking on both sides, and much worse behavior. This is particularly exemplified by the fact that there <em>are</em> two clear sides to begin with, and more so by the online behavior by those who have taken sides, behavior which is frequently vitriolic and unproductive. There are certainly exceptions, but they are exceptions. Also, Derrick and I have a history, and one that is also not particularly friendly (mostly on his side).]</p>
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		<title>The futures of our world and symmetrical responses</title>
		<link>http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=411</link>
		<comments>http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=411#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 11 Mar 2013 16:27:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ben Brucato</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[environmental protection]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[environmentalism]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=411</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Even aggressive reduction in CO2 emissions look bad for the majority of the world&#8217;s population. The more likely scenarios put New York and Bangkok under water; leave Spain, Italy and Greece as deserts; a third of corn and wheat yields &#8230; <a href="http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=411">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Even aggressive reduction in CO2 emissions look bad for the majority of the world&#8217;s population. The more likely scenarios put New York and Bangkok under water; leave Spain, Italy and Greece as deserts; a third of corn and wheat yields gone; tropical storms at least 25% more destructive; and over a third of existing species extinct.</p>
<p>It would seem to me that not using every means at our disposal to prevent this amounts to a monumental evil of which the human species has never seen. I don&#8217;t think it&#8217;s hyperbolic to say that a world-wide, multi-species Shoah looms. And yet, more commonly, people speak only of pragmatic and feasible solutions. These have more to do with discursive and ideological battles (i.e. stressing education, research, etc.) than material rearrangements of our communities.</p>
<p>The energy and oil industries, the cultures of mass production, and those who would defend the status quo are condemning billions to death, and eradicating the Earth of countless species.</p>
<p>What would be a symmetrical response even look like?</p>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 950px"><a href="How many gigatons of Carbon Dioxide...?"><img title="How many gigatons of Carbon Dioxide...?" src="http://grist.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/information-is-beautiful-co2-graphic.jpg" alt="How many gigatons of Carbon Dioxide...?" width="940" height="1848" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">How many gigatons of Carbon Dioxide...?</p></div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>Prefatory remarks</title>
		<link>http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=406</link>
		<comments>http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=406#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 08 Mar 2013 22:05:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ben Brucato</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=406</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I&#8217;d like to preface anything I ever write or say to anyone in responding to something they&#8217;ve offered in conversation or debate: I appreciate your contribution to the conversation, no matter how much I might disagree, and no matter how &#8230; <a href="http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=406">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;d like to preface anything I ever write or say to anyone in responding to something they&#8217;ve offered in conversation or debate:</p>
<p>I appreciate your contribution to the conversation, no matter how much I might disagree, and no matter how reservedly or otherwise I might confront that contribution. I generally appreciate disagreement as much as or more than agreement. Sometimes I&#8217;m frustrated by my finding a lack of agreement, and some emotively charged communication is such in part as an expression of alienation. I lack competency in many conventional social skills. I also generally respond to someone&#8217;s words as reflections of an idea and discourse that is quasi-autonomous from the person articulating them. If I think one of these articulations is flawed or problematic, that is not a reflection of what I think of you as a person. I have pretty thick skin, and struggle with tending to people who are more fragile. I have never felt much presence of endorsement, and (perhaps this is related) don&#8217;t understand those who expect prefatory recognition of their <em>expression</em> as valid, even if their <em>ideas</em> are being challenged. While I might rationalize it when I&#8217;m not taking greater care around those who are more sensitive, this is partly an attempt to cover for my frequent poor perception of the sensitivity of others and even poorer ability of adjusting to it. Even those ideas or discourses I most aggressively critique are not as flawed, in my eyes, as I am as a person.</p>
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		<title>A thought and question on the nomad</title>
		<link>http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=403</link>
		<comments>http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=403#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 18 Feb 2013 21:25:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ben Brucato</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Agamben]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[civilization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[colonialism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Deleuze]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[domestication]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Foucault]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[migrant labor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nomad]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nomadicism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oral cultures]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=403</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The nomad contains the history of the diaspora and the refuge, but also the colonial settler and conqueror. Interestingly, while domestication often signifies being bound to property, the narratives we frequently pull from as regards nomadicism are after agrarianism and &#8230; <a href="http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=403">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The nomad contains the history of the diaspora and the refuge, but also the colonial settler and conqueror. Interestingly, while domestication often signifies being bound to property, the narratives we frequently pull from as regards nomadicism are after agrarianism and the development of civilization. The uprooted one is either unseating others or the unseated other. Even the nomadic trader signifies both surplus production and specialization, accumulation and division of labor. In a century of the climate refuge and the migrant laborer, one that will see hundreds of millions moving for safety and work, and in an era of social theory that is suffused with Deleuze&#8217;s nomad and Agamben&#8217;s refuge, what does it mean to &#8220;prefer flows,&#8221; to &#8220;Believe that what is productive is not sedentary but nomadic&#8221; (as Foucault famously wrote)?</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Thoughts on civility</title>
		<link>http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=400</link>
		<comments>http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=400#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 22 Dec 2012 20:49:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ben Brucato</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ableism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[abnormality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[civility]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[regulation]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[I&#8217;m rather intrigued by people who have read Foucault&#8217;s work on abnormality (and find his perspective compelling) or those who would call themselves anarchists or anti-authoritarians, yet also enforce and regulate very narrow standards for &#8220;civility&#8221; and cultural codes of &#8230; <a href="http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=400">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div>I&#8217;m rather intrigued by people who have read Foucault&#8217;s work on abnormality (and find his perspective compelling) or those who would call themselves anarchists or anti-authoritarians, yet also enforce and regulate very narrow standards for &#8220;civility&#8221; and cultural codes of interaction. They presume first that these are teachable (and therefore learnable) behaviors. Second their position advocates that these behaviors be uniformly taught and exercised. Third, they presume that any person can learn these behaviors and simply opt to do so with absolute regularity.To take each in turn:First, I&#8217;m not so certain that typical modes of instruction can result in one&#8217;s ability to take part in these practices and performances. These are behaviors that take a lifetime of socialization &#8212; and discipline and punishment! &#8212; and all the momentary regulation (even if these are desirable and defensible practices) is going to do little to change someone&#8217;s differing socialization.</p>
<p>Second, the advocacy of uniform codes of civility and interaction seems suspect at best. While it can be frustrating to deal with someone who hasn&#8217;t been socialized the same way we have, or if they have some barrier to such socialization, the diversity of personalities is a wonderful thing &#8212; even in these frustrating moments. I&#8217;m far more inclined to welcome these frustrations than to applaud someone for regulating those who do not conform to these standards. Witnessing (and experiencing!) processes of organized exclusion of those who do not behave in accordance with these prescriptions is one thing that often fuels my skepticism toward self-professed radicals.</p>
<p>Third, with the prevalence of learning disabilities, mental illnesses, and so forth in contemporary culture, I find the demand for civility and the regulation thereof to be an obnoxious and ableist enterprise. The derision dealt towards those who do not maintain decorum exemplifies very little understanding that a sizable portion of the population simply cannot and will not be socialized in the same ways as the majority. That radicals would pontificate the virtues of regulating civility and many more would embrace such a position, I think, undermines their claims to radicalism.</p>
</div>
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		<title>Brief thoughts on the surge in gun control discussions</title>
		<link>http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=396</link>
		<comments>http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=396#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 17 Dec 2012 20:00:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ben Brucato</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gun control]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Luddism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[technology]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[I&#8217;m happy for the revival of Luddism in American culture that finds intractable problems associated with particular technologies, such that the only thinkable solution is to remove them from circulation. Let&#8217;s begin by rank ordering those most harmful to lives &#8230; <a href="http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=396">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h5 data-ft="{&quot;type&quot;:1,&quot;tn&quot;:&quot;K&quot;}">I&#8217;m happy for the revival of Luddism in American culture that finds intractable problems associated with particular technologies, such that the only thinkable solution is to remove them from circulation. Let&#8217;s begin by rank ordering those most harmful to lives and freedom and begin with the most egregious of them. I&#8217;m sure we&#8217;ll eventually get to guns. But let&#8217;s be honest about the fact that dismantling dams, shutting down nuclear reactors, eliminating toxic synthetic chemicals, and reducing the numbers of vehicles on the roads and planes in the sky would be no more difficult a task and have a far more significant improvement on the quality and longevity of lives, human and otherwise. To select those technologies only based on their purpose in design (for instance, those designed to kill), while simultaneously disregarding the relative magnitude of their actual effects is to appeal to blind moralism. I&#8217;m too much of a materialist to believe we should focus only on intention and not on consequence.</h5>
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		<title>Allegiance without lords</title>
		<link>http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=387</link>
		<comments>http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=387#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 10 Dec 2012 15:19:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ben Brucato</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[allegiance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[authority]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[deference]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[allegiance (n.) originating from the late 1300s, meaning &#8220;loyalty of a liege-man to his lord,&#8221; and deriving from the Anglo-French &#8220;legaunce&#8221;. It was not until the 18th century that the figurative idea referring to &#8220;recognition of claims to respect or &#8230; <a href="http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=387">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>allegiance</em> (n.)</p>
<p>originating from the late 1300s, meaning &#8220;loyalty of a liege-man to his lord,&#8221; and deriving from the Anglo-French &#8220;legaunce&#8221;. It was not until the 18th century that the figurative idea referring to &#8220;recognition of claims to respect or duty&#8221; gained use.</p>
<p>Merriam-Webster places &#8220;devotion or loyalty to a person, group, or cause&#8221; as the <em>secondary</em> definition to the following as primary definitions:</p>
<blockquote><p>a : the obligation of a feudal vassal to his liege lord<br />
b (1) : the fidelity owed by a subject or citizen to a sovereign or government (2) : the obligation of an alien to the government under which the alien resides</p></blockquote>
<p>Children are made to pledge allegiance to flags. This pattern follows many throughout their lives.</p>
<p>Allegiance in a non-feudal arrangement implies deference. The same dictionary cited above uses the following quotation as an example:</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;Deference to leaders and intolerance toward outsiders (and toward “enemies within”) are hallmarks of tribalism …&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>This quote, taken from Benjamin Barber, is illustrative. We are, indeed, tribal creatures. In a contemporary setting where our tribal affiliations transcend geography, we form the most peculiar of bonds, to fetishized niche consumer products, to ideologists, to celebrity, and so on. Yet these bonds are often no less strong than subjects&#8217; to their lords. Under a fantastic delusion that this new tribalism is somehow as decentered as the networks that enable them, the postmodern subjects often believe themselves without a king, while nonetheless serving him with extreme devotion.</p>
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		<title>The appropriate timing for a student loan repayment revolt</title>
		<link>http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=383</link>
		<comments>http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=383#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 03 Dec 2012 02:31:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ben Brucato</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[economic crisis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[jubilee]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[loan forgiveness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[student loan default]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[student loans]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[This week, as Zero Hedge reports, the student loan bubble is bursting. According to the Fed: Outstanding student loan debt now stands at $956 billion, an increase of $42 billion since last quarter.  However, of the $42 billion, $23 billion &#8230; <a href="http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=383">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This week, as <a href="http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2012-11-27/scariest-chart-quarter-student-debt-bubble-officially-pops-90-day-delinquency-rate-g">Zero Hedge reports</a>, the student loan bubble is bursting. According to the Fed:</p>
<blockquote><p>Outstanding student loan debt now stands at $956 billion, an increase of $42 billion since last quarter.  However, of the $42 billion, $23 billion is new debt while the remaining $19 billion is attributed to previously defaulted student loans that have been updated on credit reports this quarter. As a result, the percent of student loan balances 90+ days delinquent increased to 11 percent this quarter.</p></blockquote>
<p>Let&#8217;s face it, one of the major impediments to radical political change is that those committed to it lack the resources or access to mobilize them. Here we see a rare opportunity, where some of those who are struggling have considerable leverage. You don&#8217;t need to band together by the thousands and take to the streets (though that would be helpful). You merely need to not pull out your checkbook for the next year and let your student loans go into default. Refuse to repay your loans, because in an opulent society like ours, free education should be standard. Force the banking institutions into a crisis, and demand a jubilee through loan forgiveness programs.</p>
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		<title>Frankenstorm: &#8216;a monstrous hybrid vortex&#8217;</title>
		<link>http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=379</link>
		<comments>http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=379#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 27 Oct 2012 03:15:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ben Brucato</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[environmental destruction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Frankenstorm]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[global warming]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[global weirding]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hurricane Sandy]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[All along the East Coast, Americans are bracing for a weather disaster of some sort. The further north Hurricane Sandy travels, those of us in the mid-Atlantic and New England anticipate its merger with a Nor&#8217;easter and at a time &#8230; <a href="http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=379">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>All along the East Coast, Americans are bracing for a weather disaster of some sort. The further north Hurricane Sandy travels, those of us in the mid-Atlantic and New England anticipate its merger with a Nor&#8217;easter and at a time when pressure systems will cause the hurricane to take a sharp westerly turn.</p>
<p>We are now hearing that degraded satellite and other weather monitoring equipment is likely to impact the accuracy of prediction. The infrastructure hasn&#8217;t been maintained as well as it should, and glitches and poor data quality are probable.</p>
<p>What they used to call &#8216;global warming&#8217; had transformed into &#8216;climate change&#8217; since, after all, weather wasn&#8217;t merely heating up, it was also cooling, and other weather events were significantly altering. It eventually got so out of whack that many now call it &#8216;global weirding,&#8217; which seems to me an appropriate phrase. But when a National Weather Service meteorologist referred to this unprecedented storm that is about to ravage the East Coast, he called it &#8216;a monstrous hybrid vortex.&#8217;</p>
<p>Such a description seems to describe the climate events we should anticipate, not only over the next few days, and along a few hundred miles of coastline on one particular continent. Instead, we might recognize that in what some are calling the Anthropocene, the atmosphere around this planet is an aggregation of monstrous vortices that rejects accurate modelling, not purely because of our decaying technological infrastructure, but because the unfolding events confound human cognition and the devices we use to scaffold our feeble minds to an unhinged and uncontrollable natural universe. In this age, our monsters are the air we breathe, and they are far more restless than Frankenstein&#8217;s.</p>
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		<title>The photographic symbol of the post-space age</title>
		<link>http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=373</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 16 Aug 2012 20:07:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ben Brucato</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Almost 46 years ago to the date, the Lunar Orbiter 1 spacecraft took the first satellite image of Earth from orbital space around its moon. That image became a symbol for the space age. This image, shot from the Curiosity &#8230; <a href="http://www.benbrucato.com/?p=373">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Almost 46 years ago to the date, the Lunar Orbiter 1 spacecraft took the first satellite image of Earth from orbital space around its moon. That image became a symbol for the space age.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.benbrucato.com/media/EarthMoon_LO1_1966.jpg"><img class="alignnone" src="http://www.benbrucato.com/media/EarthMoon_LO1_1966.jpg" alt="" width="556" /></a></p>
<p>This image, shot from the Curiosity rover on Mars, should be the symbol for our post-space age.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.benbrucato.com/media/earth_from_mars.jpg"><img class="alignnone" title="Earth From Mars" src="http://www.benbrucato.com/media/earth_from_mars.jpg" alt="" width="556" height="466" /></a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>We are no longer looking at ourselves as a part of a whole, residents of a biosphere. Rather, we now see ourselves disappear into the distance. A flicker of light. A candle flame about to drown in a pool of wax.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Update: I&#8217;ve been notified that this is not an image shot by Curiosity, but a software- rendered or modified image, based on one shot by the rover. This only adds another dimension to its appropriateness as a symbol for our time.</p>
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